{"id":206,"date":"2016-10-27T22:05:14","date_gmt":"2016-10-27T22:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mylearningsource.wordpress.com\/?page_id=206"},"modified":"2021-11-12T06:33:34","modified_gmt":"2021-11-12T06:33:34","slug":"disruption-of-cognition-in-autism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/enablenet.info\/wordpress\/hi\/autism\/autism-2\/disruption-of-cognition-in-autism\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u091a \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948|[i]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 [ii]<\/a>,<\/sup>[iii]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u095e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0915\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e[iv]<\/a>,<\/sup>[v]<\/a>|<\/p>\n

\u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u00a0\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u091d (\u0914\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d[vi]<\/a>, \u090f\u0939\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e[vii]<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0928[viii]<\/a>) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948|<\/li>\n
  2. \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092c\u0942\u091d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u00a0\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940[ix]<\/a>, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e [x]<\/a>,<\/sup>[xi]<\/a>, \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940[xii]<\/a>\u00a0|<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0914\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e (Theory of Mind (ToM))<\/h3>\n

    \u0939\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0935 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u091a, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0939\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0915\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.vi,vii, viii<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902.<\/p>\n

    \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 (Impaired attentional processes)<\/h3>\n

    \u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948xii \u2013 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0959\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0935 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0939\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.[xiii]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u090f\u0939\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u00a0(Emotional processing difficulties)<\/h3>\n

    \u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0935 \u0939\u093e\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0939\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948| vii<\/p>\n

    \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 (Social orienting deficit)<\/h3>\n

    \u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948[xiv]<\/a>,[xv]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 (Executive dysfunction)<\/h3>\n

    \u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093e \u0926\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (ADHD) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948|ix<\/p>\n

    \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e (Weak central coherence or enhanced processing of local features)<\/h3>\n

    \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0902\u092a\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948.x,<\/sup>xi<\/p>\n

    \u0906\u091f\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902|<\/p>\n

    [i]<\/a> Happ\u00e9, F., Ronald, A., & Plomin, R. (2006). Time to give up on a single explanation for autism. Nature neuroscience, 9(10), 1218-1220.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [ii]<\/a> Constantino, J.N., Przybeck, T., Friesen, D. & Todd, R.D.\u00a0 Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 21, 2\u201311 (2000).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [iii]<\/a> Constantino, J.N. & Todd, R.D.\u00a0 Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60, 524\u2013530 (2003).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [iv]<\/a> Ronald, A. et al.\u00a0 Genetic heterogeneity between the three components of the autism spectrum: a twin study. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 45, 691\u2013699 (2006).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [v]<\/a> Ronald, A., Happe, F., Price, T. S., Baron-Cohen, S., & Plomin, R. (2006). Phenotypic and genetic overlap between autistic traits at the extremes of the general population. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1206-1214.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [vi]<\/a> Baron-Cohen, S., Tager-Flusberg, H. & Cohen, D. Understanding Other Minds: Perspectives from Autism and Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2000).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [vii]<\/a> Shultz R.T., Cahwarska K & Volkmar F.R., Perspectives from neuropsychology and neuroimaging. In: Moldin, S.O. & Rubenstein, J.L.R. Understanding Autism: From Basic Neuroscience to Treatment. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida 2006. Pp 323-348.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [viii]<\/a> Klin, A., Volkmar, F.R. & Sparrow, S.S.\u00a0 Autistic social dysfunction: some limitations of the theory of mind hypothesis. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 33, 861\u2013876 (1992).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [ix]<\/a> Hill, E.L. Executive dysfunction in autism. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 26\u201332 (2004).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [x]<\/a> Happ\u00e9, F. & Frith, U. The weak coherence account: detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 36, 5\u201325 (2006).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [xi]<\/a> Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulieres, I., Hubert, B. & Burack, J. Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: an update, and eight principles of autistic perception. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 36, 27\u201343 (2006).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [xii]<\/a> Belmonte, M.K. & Yurgelun-Todd, D.A. Functional anatomy of impaired selective attention and compensatory processing in autism. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 17, 651\u2013664 (2003).<\/span><\/p>\n

    [xiii]<\/a> Neumann, D., Spezio, M. L., Piven, J., & Adolphs, R. (2006). Looking you in the mouth: abnormal gaze in autism resulting from impaired top-down modulation of visual attention. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 1(3), 194-202.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [xiv]<\/a> Sasson, N., Tsuchiya, N., Hurley, R., Couture, S. M., Penn, D. L., Adolphs, R., & Piven, J. (2007). Orienting to social stimuli differentiates social cognitive impairment in autism and schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia, 45(11), 2580-2588.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [xv]<\/a> Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Defining and quantifying the social phenotype in autism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(6), 895-908.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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